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Pre-Assault Diagnoses Associated with Post-Assault Emergency Department Visits After Recent Sexual Assault.

Jessica R Prince1, Grace B McKee2, Cynthia A Stappenbeck1

  • 1Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Journal of Child Sexual Abuse
|January 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Survivors of sexual assault with pre-assault substance use and physical injury disorders visited the emergency department more often. Alcohol or drug use during the assault was linked to fewer subsequent emergency department visits.

Keywords:
Sexual assaultemergency departmentpreventionpsychiatric diagnoses

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Area of Science:

  • Medical and Health Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Forensic Medicine

Background:

  • Emergency department (ED) utilization patterns are well-documented for the general population.
  • Factors influencing ED visits specifically after sexual assault are not well understood.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for targeted post-assault care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pre-assault factors and assault characteristics associated with ED visits one year after a sexual assault medical forensic exam (SAMFE).
  • To identify predictors of repeated ED utilization among sexual assault survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective medical record review of 123 individuals who underwent a SAMFE in the United States.
  • Analysis of demographic variables, assault details, pre-assault diagnoses, and post-SAMFE ED visits.
  • Negative binomial regression modeling to assess associations with post-SAMFE ED visits.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol or drug use during the assault correlated with fewer post-SAMFE ED visits.
  • Pre-assault substance use disorders and physical injury disorders were positively associated with increased post-SAMFE ED visits.
  • Genital injury, non-genital injury, and intimate partner involvement did not show significant associations in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-existing substance use and physical health issues may increase ED revisits for sexual assault survivors.
  • Intra-assault substance use may be a protective factor against repeated ED visits, warranting further investigation.
  • Targeted mental and physical healthcare access post-assault is vital to reduce recurrent ED use among survivors.