Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor with multiple lesions in a patient with AIDS

Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMTs) represent a rare category of soft tissue tumors that are predominantly seen in individuals with compromised immune systems. Pathologically, EBV-SMT has malignant potential because of its unpredictable nature. These tumors can manifest at various anatomical sites or even multiple lesions in different locations. Among the various forms of EBV-SMT, individuals with HIV infection or AIDS exhibit the poorest survival outcomes. The efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART), either as a standalone treatment or in combination with localized tumor interventions remains uncertain. The highlights of this article are the clinical diversity and various treatment possibilities for multisite AIDS-related EBV-SMT.