Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction improves hyperlipidemia through the MAPK/NF-κB and MAPK/PPARα/CPT-1A signaling pathway

Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XZD) is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of XZD in improving hyperlipidemia and to provide a theoretical framework for clinical application. In this study, the signaling pathways regulated by XZD in improving hyperlipidemia were predicted by network pharmacology. Molecular docking was used to verify the affinity between the components in XZD and the target. Furthermore, a hyperlipidemic model in rats was constructed through feeding a high-fat diet. The effect of XZD on hyperlipidemia was verified by histopathological staining, Elisa, and western blot. The results found that the XZD improved dyslipidemia and inflammatory factor disorders, and inhibited liver function damage, pathological damage, and oxidative stress damage in hyperlipidemic rats. The findings from molecular docking and network pharmacology suggested that the mechanism of XZD improving hyperlipidemia may be closely related to the MAPK, NF-κB, and PPAR pathways. This study demonstrated that the XZD inhibited liver lipid metabolism disorder and inflammatory response by regulating the MAPK/NF-κB and MAPK/PPARα/CPT-1A pathway, significantly improved liver histopathological damage and oxidative stress injury, and played a protective role in hyperlipidemic rats.