Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 30, 2025
08:41
Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues
Published on: June 3, 2019
9.7K
Metabolically stable apelin analogs: development and functional role in water balance and cardiovascular function
Pierre Couvineau1, Catherine Llorens-Cortes2,3
1Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U1191, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|January 29, 2025
Summary
Apelin peptide and its receptor regulate water balance and blood pressure by opposing vasopressin and angiotensin II. Apelin activation protects against cardiac dysfunction and heart failure.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Apelin is a vasoactive peptide involved in water balance and cardiovascular regulation.
- Apelin and vasopressin receptors colocalize in neurons and kidney collecting ducts.
- Apelin and angiotensin II exert opposing effects on blood pressure regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the interactions between apelin and vasopressin in water balance.
- To examine the opposing roles of apelin and angiotensin II in blood pressure control.
- To highlight apelin's protective effects on cardiac function and potential therapeutic applications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on apelin, vasopressin, and angiotensin II.
- Analysis of molecular mechanisms of apelin receptor (Apelin-R) signaling.
- Examination of physiological effects in animal models of cardiovascular and renal disease.
Main Results:
- Apelin and vasopressin oppositely regulate diuresis, maintaining body fluid homeostasis.
- Apelin promotes vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide production, counteracting angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction.
- Apelin deficiency leads to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure susceptibility.
- Stable apelin analogs and Apelin-R agonists show therapeutic potential.
Conclusions:
- Apelin plays a critical role in cardiovascular and fluid homeostasis through interactions with vasopressin and angiotensin II.
- Apelin receptor activation demonstrates protective effects in conditions like hypertension and heart failure.
- Targeting the apelin system offers a promising therapeutic strategy for various cardiovascular and renal diseases.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:17Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure
2.4K
Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
2.4K
01:27Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors
2.3K
Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
2.3K
01:26Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
375
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
375
01:45Endocrine Signaling
63.9K
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
63.9K
01:30Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
462
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
462
01:31Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers
405
Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is...
405