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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies

Published on: March 23, 2018

Islet Autoantibody Screening Throughout Australia Using In-Home Blood Spot Sampling: 2-Year Outcomes of Type1Screen.

John M Wentworth^1,2,3,4, Anna B E Sing^2,3, Gaetano Naselli³

¹Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

|January 29, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Type1Screen

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Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies

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Published on: March 23, 2018

A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases

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A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Immunology
Public Health

Background:

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) screening aims to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and enable early intervention.
Type1Screen provides islet autoantibody testing for Australians with a family history of T1D.
In-home capillary blood spot sampling was implemented to improve screening accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the screening and monitoring outcomes of Type1Screen's in-home capillary blood spot sampling.
To compare blood spot screening with traditional venipuncture methods.
To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of widespread T1D screening.

Main Methods:

Analysis of data from 2,064 participants registered between July 2022 and June 2024.
Comparison of baseline characteristics and outcomes for 1,243 participants (967 blood spot, 276 venipuncture) tested by June 2024.
Evaluation of sample collection success rates, participant demographics, and autoantibody prevalence.

Main Results:

In-home blood spot screening was feasible, with lower sample collection failure rates than venipuncture.
Blood spot screening participants were younger and more likely to reside in regional Australia.
Preclinical type 1 diabetes prevalence was consistent with expectations for both methods, with no DKA cases reported in participants who screened positive.

Conclusions:

Type1Screen demonstrates national reach and feasibility of in-home blood spot screening for preclinical T1D.
Blood spot screening is particularly beneficial for younger individuals and those in regional areas.
The cost-effectiveness, convenience, and accessibility of blood spot screening can enhance early T1D diagnosis and management.