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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Far-from-equilibrium systems exhibit memory of past deformations or driving.
  • Return-point memory is a common mechanism, where revisiting a past strain extremum restores a previous system state.
  • Cyclic driving with symmetric (positive and negative) strains forms nested memories, but asymmetric driving typically does not.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate memory formation in systems under asymmetric driving conditions.
  • To explore the potential for realizing multiple memories with asymmetric cyclic driving.
  • To understand the role of frustrated interactions in hysteretic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a general model of hysteresis incorporating discrete elements called hysterons.
  • Investigated the behavior of two hysterons with a frustrated interaction.
  • Analyzed the conditions under which return-point memory can be violated.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that two hysterons with frustrated interactions can violate return-point memory.
  • Showcased the realization of multiple memories from asymmetric driving sequences.
  • Established a general principle for designing systems capable of storing asymmetric cyclic driving histories.

Conclusions:

  • Frustrated interactions in hysteretic systems are key to achieving multiple memories under asymmetric driving.
  • This finding provides a general principle for engineering memory in complex systems.
  • Asymmetric driving can serve as a sensitive probe for frustration in disordered systems.