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Misidentification syndromes: A retrospective study from India.

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Delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS) are rare neuropsychiatric conditions. This study found DMS in North Indian patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, often requiring clozapine treatment.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychiatry
  • Psychiatric Epidemiology

Background:

  • Delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS) are rare neuropsychiatric conditions.
  • Existing data on DMS predominantly originates from developed nations.
  • Limited research exists on DMS prevalence in South Asian populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of DMS in a North Indian tertiary care hospital setting.
  • To identify the psychiatric diagnoses associated with DMS in this population.
  • To examine treatment resistance and therapeutic outcomes for DMS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 2596 patient records from psychiatry services.
  • Screening for DMS diagnoses within the patient population.
  • Categorization of DMS cases based on diagnosis, demographics, and treatment response.

Main Results:

  • DMS was identified in 20 patients (0.77%) out of 2596 screened.
  • The majority of DMS cases occurred in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (13) and schizoaffective disorder (3).
  • Capgras syndrome was the most frequent DMS subtype observed; females (14) were more affected than males (6).
  • Twelve of sixteen patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and DMS exhibited treatment resistance, requiring clozapine; four also needed electroconvulsive therapy.

Conclusions:

  • DMS is a rare neuropsychiatric syndrome observed in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in North India.
  • Patients with DMS, particularly those with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, often display treatment resistance to conventional antipsychotics.
  • Management of DMS in this population may necessitate advanced treatments like clozapine or electroconvulsive therapy.