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Prenatal gene editing for neurodevelopmental diseases: Ethical considerations.

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Prenatal gene editing offers a potential cure for neurodevelopmental diseases (NDDs) by correcting genetic defects early. However, ethical frameworks are needed to address risks to fetus and pregnant person.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Bioethics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental diseases (NDDs) originate during prenatal development, making them challenging to treat postnatally.
  • Current treatments for NDDs are limited due to the early onset of disease processes.
  • Prenatal gene editing presents a novel therapeutic strategy for NDDs by targeting genetic causes before birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of prenatal gene editing for treating NDDs.
  • To identify ethical challenges and develop a framework for safe and ethical implementation of prenatal gene editing.
  • To leverage historical frameworks from in utero therapies to guide prenatal gene editing development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of 17 ethical frameworks, literature, consensus statements, and government reports on prenatal interventions.
  • Identification of 12 key themes from existing ethical guidelines for prenatal therapies.
  • Integration of themes with current criteria for postnatal gene therapies for NDDs.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal gene editing holds promise for addressing the root causes of NDDs.
  • Significant ethical concerns exist regarding unintended edits and their irreversible consequences.
  • A historical review of in utero therapy frameworks provides a basis for developing ethical guidelines for prenatal gene editing.

Conclusions:

  • Establishing ethical frameworks is crucial for the responsible development of prenatal gene editing.
  • A path forward for prenatal gene editing interventions for NDDs can be informed by past in utero therapy ethical considerations.
  • Careful ethical deliberation is required to balance the potential benefits of prenatal gene editing against its inherent risks.