Neurotoxic effects and cognitive decline induced by Aniline Blue dye in an in-vivo zebrafish model

Aniline Blue is a synthetic dye extensively used in various industries, including textiles, plastics, and biological research due to its effective staining properties. However, its environmental and health impacts, particularly its neurotoxic effects, are poorly understood. While the dye has been associated with carcinogenicity and organ toxicity, the neurobehavioral consequences of Aniline Blue exposure remain underexplored. This study aims to address this research gap by evaluating the neurotoxic effects of Aniline Blue using adult zebrafish as a model organism. We conducted a series of experiments to assess the dose-dependent toxicity of Aniline Blue, examining survival rates, cognitive function, anxiety-related behaviors, locomotor activity, oxidative stress markers, histopathological changes, and gene expression profiles. Zebrafish were exposed to varying concentrations of Aniline Blue over a specified period, followed by behavioral assays, biochemical analyses, and gene expression studies. The results revealed an apparent dose-dependent decline in survival rates, with higher concentrations of Aniline Blue significantly impairing cognitive function and increasing anxiety-like behaviors. Biochemical assays showed a reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) and an increase in LDH activity, indicating oxidative stress. Histopathological analysis confirmed severe neuronal damage, including neuroinflammation and cell death. Gene expression analysis further highlighted the modulation of critical genes associated with neuroinflammation, neurotrophic support, and synaptic function, with potential implications for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. In conclusion, the study provides critical insights into the neurotoxic effects of Aniline Blue, emphasizing the need for caution in its use across industries.