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How (not) to define 'assisted dying'.

David Albert Jones1

  • 1Anscombe Bioethics Centre, Oxford, UK director@bioethics.org.uk.

Journal of Medical Ethics
|January 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The definition of "assisted dying" lacks consensus, with generic and stipulative definitions causing inconsistent usage. This paper argues for a broader, generic definition to ensure clarity in debates surrounding end-of-life medical practices.

Keywords:
DeathEthicsEuthanasiaRight to DieSuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Bioethics
  • Healthcare Policy

Background:

  • The term 'assisted dying' has gained prominence over the past two decades to describe the intentional ending of a patient's life with medical assistance.
  • Despite its prevalence, there is no universally agreed-upon definition for 'assisted dying' or its variants.
  • This lack of consensus complicates discussions and policy development regarding end-of-life care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the debate surrounding the definition of 'assisted dying' in the United Kingdom.
  • To critically evaluate the implications of different definitional approaches, specifically generic versus stipulative definitions.
  • To advocate for a clear and consistent terminology to facilitate rational debate on assisted dying.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing definitions of 'assisted dying' from various UK sources.
  • Comparative analysis of generic definitions (encompassing various practices like assisted suicide and euthanasia) and stipulative definitions (narrowing the scope to specific practices or patient groups).
  • Argumentative analysis of the consequences of stipulative definitions on terminological consistency and rational discourse.

Main Results:

  • Two primary approaches to defining 'assisted dying' exist: generic definitions and stipulative definitions.
  • Generic definitions encompass a broad range of practices, including assisted suicide and euthanasia, with or without eligibility criteria.
  • Stipulative definitions narrowly define 'assisted dying' to specific scenarios, such as assisted suicide for terminally ill adults, excluding other practices.
  • The paper highlights that stipulative definitions are problematic as they exclude commonly understood applications of the term, leading to inconsistent usage.

Conclusions:

  • Stipulative definitions of 'assisted dying' are problematic because they exclude practices widely recognized under this umbrella term, leading to inconsistent application.
  • For stipulative definitions to be used consistently, they must be acknowledged as secondary to the broader, generic meaning of 'assisted dying'.
  • Achieving clarity in terminology is essential for enabling rational and productive debate on the complex issue of assisted dying.