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Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
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Hawkmoth Pheromone Transduction Involves G-Protein-Dependent Phospholipase Cβ Signaling.

Anna C Schneider1, Katrin Schröder2, Yajun Chang2

  • 1University of Kassel, Kassel 34132, Germany anna.c.schneider@uni-kassel.de.

Eneuro
|January 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Male hawkmoths use a circadian-timed G-protein-coupled pathway to detect pheromones with high sensitivity and temporal resolution during their active phase. This metabotropic signaling maximizes olfactory performance for mate finding.

Keywords:
circadian clockinsectolfaction

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Electrophysiological Measurements from a Moth Olfactory System
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Area of Science:

  • Insect olfaction
  • Neuroethology
  • Sensory transduction

Background:

  • Nocturnal moths rely on acute olfactory senses for mate detection, requiring highly sensitive and temporally resolved pheromone detection.
  • The mechanisms underlying insect pheromone detection are debated, with hypotheses including ionotropic and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for explaining insect sensory adaptations to ecological niches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of G-protein-coupled transduction in pheromone detection by male *Manduca sexta* hawkmoths.
  • To determine how different temporal components of the olfactory response are modulated by signaling pathways and circadian timing.
  • To resolve discrepancies in the literature regarding insect olfactory transduction mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo electrophysiological recordings from pheromone-sensitive sensilla of male *Manduca sexta*.
  • Pharmacological disruption of G-protein-coupled transduction pathways and phospholipase C activity.
  • Application of bacterial toxins to selectively disrupt specific G-alpha subunits (Gαo, Gαs, Gαq, Gα12/13).
  • Analysis of distinct temporal response components (phasic, tonic, late) during rest and activity phases.

Main Results:

  • Disruption of G-protein-coupled transduction and phospholipase C specifically impaired the phasic pheromone response component during the hawkmoth's activity phase.
  • Targeted disruption of Gαo and sustained activation of Gαs affected the phasic response, while Gαq and Gα12/13 were ineffective.
  • Expression of phospholipase Cβ4 exhibited circadian rhythmicity, indicating clock-modulated metabotropic signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian clock-modulated G-protein-coupled transduction cascades are essential for maximizing pheromone detection sensitivity and temporal resolution during the hawkmoth's activity period.
  • The findings support a model where distinct olfactory response components are mediated by specific signaling pathways, resolving previous conflicting data.
  • This study highlights the importance of circadian timing in insect chemosensation for efficient mate finding.