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Updated: May 2, 2026

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
Published on: August 17, 2022
Advanced Imaging of Type 2 Spinal CSF Leaks with Ultra-High-Resolution Conebeam CT Myelography
Niklas Lützen1, Charlotte Zander2, Jürgen Beck3
1From the Department of Neuroradiology (N.L., C.Z., H.U.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany niklas.luetzen@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
Abstract:
Type 2 CSF leaks are spinal lateral dural tears, causing spontaneous intracranial hypotension. They may be visualized with digital subtraction myelography, conebeam CT myelography, and energy-integrating detector or photon-counting CT myelography. A recently introduced ultra-high-resolution conebeam CT myelography has shown beneficial visualization of CSF-venous fistulas, another cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. However, the use of this technique has not yet been reported in imaging of type 2 leaks. In this technical report, we describe our first experiences and highlight the advantages of ultra-high-resolution conebeam CT for visualizing type 2 leaks in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
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