Role of sirtuin 1 in depression‑induced coronary heart disease: Molecular pathways and therapeutic potential (Review)

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Psychiatry
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Depression is a major psychiatric disorder and a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD).
• The interplay between depression and CHD poses a substantial global health challenge.
• Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an enzyme dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), plays a role in cardiovascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the critical role of SIRT1 in mitigating cardiovascular risks associated with depression.
• To explore SIRT1's mechanisms in protecting the heart from depression-related damage.
• To highlight SIRT1 as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular complications in depression.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on SIRT1, depression, and CHD.
• The review focuses on the molecular pathways modulated by SIRT1, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic processes.
• Analysis of SIRT1's impact on endothelial function and atherosclerotic plaque stability.

Main Results:

• SIRT1 demonstrates cardioprotective effects by modulating key pathways involved in CHD pathogenesis in depressed individuals.
• SIRT1 influences endothelial dysfunction, prevents atherosclerotic plaque formation, and stabilizes existing plaques.
• These actions collectively reduce the overall risk of CHD in the context of depression.

Conclusions:

• SIRT1 is a crucial molecule for addressing cardiovascular complications arising from depression.
• Further molecular-level research is needed to fully elucidate the relationship between SIRT1, depression, and CHD.
• Translating these findings into clinical interventions is the ultimate goal for managing depression-related cardiovascular risks.