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Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography

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A simple cavity-enhanced laser-based heater for reflective samples.

Kai Golibrzuch^1,2,3, Alec M Wodtke^1,2,3

¹Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|January 30, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a simple, inexpensive diode laser heating system for surface science. It efficiently heats samples to high temperatures with precise control, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

Surface science
Vacuum technology
Materials science

Background:

Surface science instruments require high vacuum and precise temperature control for experiments like molecular beam epitaxy and catalysis.
Traditional hot filament and electron bombardment heating methods in vacuum chambers cause outgassing and interfere with experiments.
Optical heating offers direct sample energy delivery but is often considered complex and inefficient for reflective metallic samples.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple, inexpensive, and efficient optical heating system for surface science applications.
To overcome the limitations of conventional heating methods in vacuum environments.
To enhance laser heating efficiency for metallic samples.

Main Methods:

A sample heater utilizing a commercial diode laser and a concave aluminum mirror to create a stable optical cavity.
Directing 26 W of laser power via fiber optic to a 1-cm diameter Pt sample.
Implementing programmable temperature control and stability monitoring.

Main Results:

A 1-cm diameter Pt sample was heated to 1400 K in 1 minute using only 26 W of laser power.
Demonstrated excellent programmable temperature control and long-term stability.
Achieved sample heating to 900°C with negligible increase in chamber pressure.

Conclusions:

The developed diode laser heating system is a simple, cost-effective alternative to traditional methods for surface science.
The optical cavity design enhances heating efficiency, even for reflective metallic samples.
This method provides precise temperature control and minimal vacuum disturbance, suitable for advanced surface analysis.