Elimination of Decapod iridovirus 1 (DIV1) infection at high water temperature: a new environmental control strategy

Decapod iridovirus 1 (DIV1) poses a major challenge to sustainable shrimp farming and poses a serious hazard to aquaculture industry. This study investigated the complex interaction between DIV1 infection and water temperature, focusing on the effect of high temperature on DIV1 infection due to Penaeus monodon. Using models of latent and acute infection, the study revealed the response of P. monodon to DIV1 under different conditions. In the experimental set-up, the effect of high water temperature (34 ± 1 °C) compared with room temperature (26 ± 1 °C) was investigated. DIV1 replication was significantly inhibited in the high-temperature group (H), resulting in complete viral elimination within 15 days. DIV1 did not resurface even after return to room temperature (26 ± 1 °C), indicating sustained antiviral effects. Compared with the room temperature (26 ± 1 °C) group (N), the H group showed a 100% reduction in the incidence of latent and acute infection. Exposure to high water temperature directly impaired the viability of DIV1, enhancing the immune system of P. monodon, and expediting metabolic processes for efficient DIV1 clearance. The study highlights the significant inhibitory effects of high water temperature (34 ± 1 °C) on DIV1 infection in P. monodon, resulting in viral eradication. This discovery offers a potential strategy for mitigating DIV1 infections in shrimp aquaculture, prompting further investigation into underlying mechanisms. Optimising parameters and protocols for high-temperature treatment is crucial for viral control. Exploring the broader implications of the findings on other viral infections in crustacean aquaculture could provide valuable insights for comprehensive disease prevention and control.