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Related Concept Videos

Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

496
Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

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The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
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Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

217
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
217

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Green materials in semiconductors: perspective from the IRDS beyond-CMOS roadmap.

Akiko Ueda1, Hiroyuki Akinaga2, Sapan Agarwal3

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Environmental, safety, health, and sustainability (ESHS) are critical in semiconductor manufacturing. This study explores

Keywords:
ESHSbeyond CMOSemerging computer architecturesemerging logic devicesemerging memoriesgreen materialsstandardization

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Area of Science:

  • Semiconductor manufacturing
  • Materials science
  • Sustainable engineering

Background:

  • Environmental, Safety, Health, and Sustainability (ESHS) are increasingly critical in the semiconductor industry.
  • The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems highlights 'Green materials' for sustainable semiconductor manufacturing.
  • Emerging architectures and devices present new challenges and opportunities for ESHS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss current trends in emerging semiconductor architectures and devices from a 'Green materials' perspective.
  • To emphasize the importance of 'Green materials' for sustainable semiconductor manufacturing.
  • To highlight the role of benchmarking and standardization in advancing sustainable practices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of 'Beyond CMOS' concepts and the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.
  • Analysis of current trends in emerging semiconductor architectures and devices.
  • Discussion on the significance of benchmarking and standardization.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key 'Green materials' trends in emerging semiconductor technologies.
  • Emphasis on the necessity of sustainable practices for future semiconductor manufacturing.
  • Recognition of the importance of standardized metrics for evaluating material sustainability.

Conclusions:

  • 'Green materials' are essential for achieving sustainability in the semiconductor industry.
  • Benchmarking and standardization are crucial for driving the adoption of sustainable practices.
  • Continued research and development in 'Green materials' are vital for the future of semiconductor manufacturing.