NLRX1 deficiency exacerbates skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis by disrupting mitophagy

NLRX1 is an important regulator of inflammatory signaling in innate immune cells. Recent studies indicate NLRX1 activation may be a novel mechanism for inflammatory diseases, however, it has not been explored in atopic dermatitis (AD). Our study aims to investigate the potential role of NLRX1 in the pathogenesis of AD. We observed a significant decrease in NLRX1 expression in AD skin lesions and MC903-indued AD dermatitis. NLRX1 deficiency exacerbated AD inflammation, characterized by increased skin thickness, exacerbated inflammatory infiltration, and compromised skin barrier function. Mechanistically, NLRX1 regulated TSLP expression through Parkin-PINK1-mediated mitophagy in keratinocytes. Furthermore, topical application of NLRX1 agonist alleviated AD progression, including reduced ear thickness, diminished redness, and improved skin barrier function. This study provides novel insights into the regulatory role of NLRX1 in skin inflammation in AD, highlighting the potential therapeutic implications of targeting NLRX1 and mitophagy in AD treatment.