Chronic kidney disease

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Internal Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by persistent kidney function or structure abnormalities with significant health consequences.
• Progressive decline in kidney function disrupts body homeostasis and is linked to cardiovascular disease, infections, and premature death.
• Kidney failure is fatal without access to kidney replacement therapy, a global health challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the definition, consequences, and progression mechanisms of chronic kidney disease.
• To emphasize the importance of early detection and management of modifiable risk factors in CKD.
• To highlight therapeutic strategies for managing CKD and its associated complications.

Main Methods:

• Review of the pathophysiology of CKD progression, including nephron loss and overload.
• Discussion of management strategies focusing on early detection and risk factor control.
• Identification of key therapeutic interventions, including renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Main Results:

• CKD progression involves irreversible nephron loss and overload of remaining nephrons.
• Effective management includes early detection and control of modifiable risk factors.
• Pharmacological interventions like RAS inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors help reduce nephron overload.

Conclusions:

• CKD management requires a comprehensive approach, including early detection and risk factor modification.
• Targeting specific pathways and conditions like hypertension, anemia, and metabolic acidosis is essential.
• Timely and appropriate interventions can mitigate cardiovascular morbidity and improve quality of life for CKD patients.