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'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
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Nutrient Profiling Models in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Considering Local Nutritional Challenges: A Systematic

Marie Tassy1,2, Ries van Dijk1,2, Alison L Eldridge2

  • 1Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Current Developments in Nutrition
|January 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nutrient profiling models (NPMs) help promote nutrient-dense foods in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review found NPMs vary by country, focusing on reducing sugar, fat, and salt or promoting essential micronutrients.

Keywords:
double burdenfood qualitymalnutritionnutrient profilingnutrition policynutritional qualitypublic healthsystematic review

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq
04:54

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Published on: March 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Food Policy
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a dual burden of micronutrient deficiencies, undernutrition, and overweight/obesity.
  • Nutrient Profiling Models (NPMs), originating in Western countries, offer a potential strategy to promote healthier food choices in LMICs.
  • Understanding the application and effectiveness of existing NPMs in LMICs is crucial for addressing diverse nutritional challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review government-endorsed NPMs implemented in LMICs.
  • To assess the key components of these NPMs in relation to specific national nutritional issues.
  • To identify how NPMs are adapted to address both undernutrition and overnutrition.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of peer-reviewed and grey literature.
  • Identification of government-endorsed NPMs in LMICs promoting healthier adult food choices.
  • Extraction of NPM metrics (scope, components, units, validation) and relevant nutritional data (undernutrition, obesity, specific deficiencies) from global health databases.

Main Results:

  • NPMs are implemented in 16 LMICs, primarily as front-of-pack labeling schemes.
  • Warning labels are used in Latin American LMICs to curb overnutrition by discouraging energy-dense foods.
  • "Keyhole" and "Choices" schemes, with different focuses on nutrient limitation and promotion, are also employed.
  • NPMs in LMICs target sugar, fat, and salt reduction, and promote micronutrients or beneficial food components like fiber.

Conclusions:

  • NPMs are adaptable tools for promoting healthier diets in LMICs, with designs tailored to local public health nutrition priorities.
  • The implementation of NPMs, including warning labels and positive messaging schemes, demonstrates a growing effort to combat malnutrition in its various forms.
  • Further research into the specific impact and optimization of different NPMs within LMICs is warranted.