Multiorgan Dysfunction and its Association With Congestion and Outcome in Aortic Stenosis Treated With TAVI

Degenerative severe aortic stenosis (AS) is treated by valve replacement to improve outcome. Despite diagnostic advancements, many AS patients are still diagnosed late with advanced heart failure.

The aim of the study was to assess multiorgan dysfunction in severe AS using blood biomarkers and their association with quantitative fluid levels and clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Consecutive AS patients undergoing TAVI received comprehensive preinterventional assessment with serum biomarker profiles reflecting organ dysfunction and quantitative fluid overload (FO) using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. FO by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy was defined according to a previously established cut-off (≥1.0 L). Time to first heart failure hospitalization or death served as composite primary endpoint.

Among 880 patients (age 81 ± 7 years, 47% female), 41% had FO and 89% had biomarker abnormalities of at least one domain. Ascending fluid levels were independently associated with distorted biomarkers across domains of myocyte stress, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, inflammation, and anemia. After 2.4 ± 1.0 years of follow-up, 27% had reached the primary endpoint (29 heart failure hospitalization, 194 deaths, 13 both). Biomarkers across all domains were individually and independently associated with outcomes. In a multidomain approach, every affected extra-cardiac domain was associated with a 71% increase in event hazard (adjusted HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.39-2.11). Also, for each domain, the combination of distorted biomarkers and FO had the highest event risk.

Biomarker abnormalities are highly prevalent in severe AS, influenced by congestion, and associated with impaired prognosis post-TAVI. Multiorgan dysfunction faces a particularly dismal outcome.