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NF2 loss-of-function and hypoxia drive radiation resistance in grade 2 meningiomas
Bhuvic Patel1,2, Sangami Pugazenthi1, Collin W English3
1Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Background:
World Health Organization Grade 2 meningiomas (G2Ms) often recur and resist therapies. Grade 2 meningiomas with histopathological necrosis have been associated with worse local control (LC) after radiation therapy, but the drivers and biomarkers of radiation resistance in G2Ms remain unknown.
Methods:
We performed genetic sequencing and histopathological analysis of 113 G2Ms and investigated the role of genetic and microenvironmental factors on clonogenic survival after ionizing radiation. We performed transcriptional profiling of our in vitro model and 18 human G2M tumors by bulk RNA sequencing as well as 8 G2Ms by single nuclei RNA sequencing.
Results:
NF2 loss-of-function (LOF) mutations were associated with necrosis in G2Ms (P = .0127). Tumors with NF2 mutation and necrosis had worse post-radiation LC compared to NF2 wildtype tumors without necrosis (P = .035). Under hypoxic conditions, NF2 knockdown increased radiation resistance in vitro (P < .001). Bulk RNA sequencing revealed NF2- and hypoxia-specific changes and a 50-gene set signature specific to radiation-resistant, NF2 knockdown, and hypoxic cells, which distinguished NF2 mutant/necrotic patient G2Ms by unsupervised clustering. Enrichment analysis revealed downregulation of apoptosis pathway genes and upregulation of proliferation-associated genes and genes normally downregulated after UV radiation exposure in NF2-mutant/necrotic tumor cells, which were validated with functional assays.
Conclusions:
NF2 LOF in the setting of hypoxia confers radiation resistance through transcriptional programs that reduce apoptosis and promote proliferation. These pathways may identify tumors resistant to radiation and represent therapeutic targets that in the future could improve LC in patients with radiation resistant G2Ms.
Insights
NF2 loss-of-function mutations in World Health Organization Grade 2 meningiomas, especially with hypoxia, drive radiation resistance by altering apoptosis and proliferation pathways, impacting local control.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Radiation Oncology
- Cancer Genomics
Background:
- World Health Organization Grade 2 meningiomas (G2Ms) frequently recur and resist treatment.
- Necrosis in G2Ms correlates with poorer local control after radiation therapy, but underlying mechanisms are unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the drivers and biomarkers of radiation resistance in G2Ms.
- To understand the role of genetic mutations (NF2) and microenvironmental factors (hypoxia) in radiation response.
Main Methods:
- Genetic sequencing and histopathological analysis of 113 G2Ms.
- In vitro studies on clonogenic survival after ionizing radiation.
- Bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of G2M tumors and models.
Main Results:
- NF2 loss-of-function mutations were linked to necrosis and worse post-radiation local control.
- NF2 knockdown increased radiation resistance in vitro under hypoxic conditions.
- A 50-gene signature identified radiation-resistant G2Ms, with NF2-mutant/necrotic tumors showing reduced apoptosis and increased proliferation.
Conclusions:
- NF2 loss-of-function combined with hypoxia confers radiation resistance via transcriptional changes.
- These findings identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve local control in radiation-resistant G2Ms.
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