[Hybrid wound coating in rehabilitation of severe thermal burns. (An experimental study)]

One of the tasks of restorative medicine is the rehabilitation of the body that has suffered from injuries, diseases or adverse environmental effects, and the restoration of the functional reserves of the human body. Currently, a search is underway for new treatment technologies, including the use of wound dressings with specified functional qualities.

To characterize the effect of a wound dressing based on an ion-track membrane modified with collagen and chitosan nanofibers on the efficiency of skin restoration in experimental animals after a severe thermal burn.

Polyethylene terephthalate film perforated with heavy metal ions (Xe, Kr) on a nuclear particle accelerator was used as a base. The biopolymer layer was applied from the solution using electrospinning. Thermal (120° C, 60 min) treatment was used to stabilize the biolayer. Using light and fluorescence microscopy, the morphometric characteristics of the cells were assessed, and flow cytometry and commercial kits were used to evaluate the expression of cell differentiation markers (CD16, CD14, CD163, CD206). Modeling of a severe thermal burn was performed on laboratory rats.

The main structural element of the biolayer is spontaneously intertwined fibers, 170±40 nm thick. The results of studies conducted in vitro using fibroblasts and monocytic cells of human peripheral blood allow us to draw the following conclusion: the hybrid biomaterial BioTM has qualities that meet the requirements for wound dressings, namely gas permeability, biocompatibility and the ability to inhibit immune-inflammatory cellular reactions. In vivo, it was shown that the hybrid biomaterial BioTM promotes skin restoration in experimental rats after thermal injury. Moreover, the effectiveness of the BioTM biomaterial exceeds therapy using Levomekol ointment.

Thus, based on the results obtained, the following conclusion can be made: the wound coating based on the track membrane and the biocomposite layer inhibits spontaneous activation of monocytes and their differentiation into a proinflammatory phenotype. When integrating the bioplastic material with the synthetic membrane, the functional properties of both types of materials are preserved, which makes it possible to obtain a new type of wound coating with a high regenerative potential that exceeds the effectiveness of traditional burn therapy.