Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Measuring Reaction Rates

Measuring Reaction Rates

Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...

The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time

The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time

While the differential rate law relates the rate and concentrations of reactants, a second form of rate law called the integrated rate law relates concentrations of reactants and time. Integrated rate laws can be used to determine the amount of reactant or product present after a period of time or to estimate the time required for a reaction to proceed to a certain extent. For example, an integrated rate law helps determine the length of time a radioactive material must be stored for its...

Half-life of a Reaction

Half-life of a Reaction

The half-life of a reaction (t1/2) is the time required for one-half of a given amount of reactant to be consumed. In each succeeding half-life, half of the remaining concentration of the reactant is consumed. For example, during the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, during the first half-life (from 0.00 hours to 6.00 hours), the concentration of H2O2 decreases from 1.000 M to 0.500 M. During the second half-life (from 6.00 hours to 12.00 hours), the concentration decreases from 0.500 M to...

Sampling Continuous Time Signal

Sampling Continuous Time Signal

In signal processing, a continuous-time signal can be sampled using an impulse-train sampling technique, followed by the zero-order hold method. Impulse-train sampling involves the use of a periodic impulse train, which consists of a series of delta functions spaced at regular intervals determined by the sampling period. When a continuous-time signal is multiplied by this impulse train, it generates impulses with amplitudes corresponding to the signal's values at the sampling points.
In the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Sorption-mediated organohalide respiration biokinetics of tetrachloroethene.

Water research·2026

Same author

High resolution porewater profiling of methylmercury with a novel equilibrium passive sampler.

Environmental science. Advances·2026

Same author

Direct visualization of pyrene diffusion in polyethylene and polyoxymethylene passive samplers.

Chemosphere·2024

Same author

Codeployment of Passive Samplers and Mussels Reveals Major Source of Ongoing PCB Inputs to the Anacostia River in Washington, DC.

Environmental science & technology·2023

Same author

Seasonal trends of PCBs in air over Washington DC reveal localized urban sources and the influence of Anacostia River.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2022

Same author

Equilibrium Porewater Measurement of PCBs and PAHs Using Direct Water Extraction and Comparison with Passive Sampling.

Environmental science & technology·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water

Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water

Published on: August 3, 2016

Modeling time scale of integration in equilibrium passive sampling.

Oindrila Ghosh¹, Songjing Yan¹, Mandar Bokare¹

¹Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

|January 31, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Passive samplers (PSs) provide time-averaged pollutant concentrations for ecological risk assessment. This study models the sampling time scale of integration (TSI) for polychlorinated biphenyls, finding it varies with compound hydrophobicity and sampler thickness.

Keywords:

passive sampling polychlorinated biphenyl sampling time scale sensitivity to perturbation

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research

Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research

Published on: February 16, 2024

Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses

Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses

Published on: October 21, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2025

Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water

Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water

Published on: August 3, 2016

Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research

Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research

Published on: February 16, 2024

Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses

Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses

Published on: October 21, 2016

Area of Science:

Environmental Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Science

Background:

Passive samplers (PSs) measure time-averaged pollutant concentrations, crucial for ecological exposure assessment and pollutant load estimation.
Accurate interpretation of PS data requires a thorough understanding of the sampling time scale of integration (TSI).

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a comprehensive theoretical modeling assessment of the sampling TSI for equilibrium passive samplers.
To model the exchange kinetics of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in low-density polyethylene (PE) passive samplers.

Main Methods:

Modeling diffusive transport and first-order kinetics for polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in PE passive samplers.
Evaluating the sampling TSI by simulating pulsed concentration increases over a 90-day period.
Analyzing the impact of compound hydrophobicity and sampler thickness on TSI.

Main Results:

More hydrophobic compounds exhibited slower transfer rates and longer TSIs.
Thicker samplers demonstrated longer TSIs compared to thinner ones.
TSIs ranged from 14-15 days for dichlorobiphenyls to 43-45 days for hexachlorobiphenyls using a 25.4 μm PE sheet.

Conclusions:

The sampling TSI is influenced by both the pollutant's properties and the passive sampler's characteristics.
Strategic deployment of thick and thin passive samplers can refine TSI estimates.
This approach allows for simultaneous capture of episodic events and long-term average pollutant concentrations.