C-Terminal Agrin Fragment as a Biomarker for Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Biomarkers
• Muscle Physiology

Background:

• Sarcopenia, a decline in muscle mass and strength affecting 50% of individuals aged 60-80, necessitates effective diagnosis and prevention strategies.
• Early detection of sarcopenia is crucial for promoting healthy aging and mitigating its severe consequences.
• C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) has emerged as a potential early diagnostic indicator for sarcopenia.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the association between C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) and sarcopenia.
• To determine the diagnostic value of CAF as a biomarker for sarcopenia.
• To explore the relationship between CAF levels and measures of muscle function and mass.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 studies, with 10 included in quantitative analysis.
• Data extraction and analysis performed using STATASE 16 software.
• Risk of bias and quality assessment conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool; meta-regression and subgroup analyses performed.

Main Results:

• Meta-analysis revealed significantly higher CAF levels in sarcopenia patients (effect size 1.93) compared to non-sarcopenic groups.
• CAF levels were negatively associated with hand grip strength (HGS) (effect size 1.09) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) (effect size 1.10).
• Age was not a statistically significant factor in the correlation between CAF and sarcopenia, suggesting age variation as a source of heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

• Elevated CAF levels are significantly associated with sarcopenia, decreased HGS, and reduced SMI.
• CAF demonstrates potential as a valuable biomarker for the early detection and monitoring of sarcopenia.
• This research supports the utility of CAF in managing and treating sarcopenia, improving outcomes for affected individuals.