Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Metal Halide Perovskite and Perovskite Related Nanocrystals

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on halide perovskite nanocrystals have attracted extensive attention due to their considerable luminescence efficiency, wide color gamut, high color purity, and facile material synthesis. Since the first demonstration of LEDs based on MAPbBr₃ nanocrystals was reported in 2014, the community has witnessed a rapid development in their performances. In this review, a historical perspective of the development of LEDs based on halide perovskite nanocrystals is provided and then a comprehensive survey of current strategies for high-efficiency lead-based perovskite nanocrystals LEDs, including synthesis optimization, ion doping/alloying, and shell coating is presented. Then the basic characteristics and emission mechanisms of lead-free perovskite and perovskite-related nanocrystals emitters in environmentally friendly LEDs, from the standpoint of different emission colors are reviewed. Finally, the progress in LED applications is covered and an outlook of the opportunities and challenges for future developments in this field is provided.