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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Enabling high-performance multivalent metal-ion batteries: current advances and future prospects.

Asif Mahmood1, Zhe Bai2, Tan Wang2

  • 1Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. asif.mahmood@uts.edu.au.

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Multivalent metal-ion batteries (MVIBs) offer a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to abundant materials and higher safety. This review details advancements in MVIBs, addressing challenges for next-generation energy storage.

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium-ion batteries dominate the market but face challenges due to lithium's scarcity and cost.
  • Multivalent metal-ion batteries (MVIBs) are emerging as a sustainable alternative, utilizing abundant metals like Zn, Mg, Ca, and Al.
  • MVIBs offer potential advantages in cost, safety, and volumetric capacity compared to Li-ion batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review recent advancements in electrode, electrolyte, and separator materials for MVIBs.
  • To highlight the potential of MVIBs to surpass Li-ion batteries in terms of cost, energy density, and safety.
  • To provide an overview of challenges and future directions in MVIB technology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent progress in MVIB chemistries and charge storage mechanisms.
  • Analysis of challenges including ion kinetics, electrode stability, and interfacial resistance.
  • Exploration of proposed methodologies: anode/cathode design, electrolyte modifications, solid-state electrolytes, and separator advancements.

Main Results:

  • MVIBs show potential for higher volumetric capacities and improved safety profiles.
  • Significant progress has been made in designing electrode and electrolyte materials tailored for multivalent ions.
  • Advanced characterization tools and artificial intelligence are increasingly used to understand MVIB mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • MVIBs represent a significant advancement in next-generation energy storage solutions.
  • Material innovation and sustainable practices are crucial for realizing the full potential of MVIB technology.
  • Further research into overcoming challenges in kinetics and stability will accelerate MVIB commercialization.