Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 30, 2025
08:49
Rapid In Situ Hybridization using Oligonucleotide Probes on Paraformaldehyde-prefixed Brain of Rats with Serotonin Syndrome
Published on: September 23, 2015
8.8K
Serotonin Receptors Polymorphisms Are Associated With Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
Agata Binienda1, Maciej Salaga1, Milan Patel2
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|January 31, 2025
Summary
Genetic variations in serotonin receptor genes (HTRs) are linked to cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) susceptibility and symptoms. Specific HTR genotypes increase CVS risk, while certain alleles decrease it, offering new insights into CVS pathophysiology.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Neuroscience
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder of recurrent, severe nausea and vomiting with unknown pathophysiology.
- Genetic factors influencing emetic neurocircuitry are hypothesized to play a role in CVS.
- Serotonin receptors (HTRs) are key components of emetic pathways.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between variations in serotonin receptor (HTR) genes and susceptibility to CVS.
- To explore correlations between specific HTR gene variations and CVS symptoms.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 70 CVS patients and 2504 healthy controls from the 1000 Genomes Project.
- Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HTR1B, HTR1D, HTR3B, and HTR3C genes.
- Correlations between identified SNPs and CVS symptoms were determined.
Main Results:
- Specific genotypes of HTR1B/D (rs6296, rs6298, rs6300) and HTR3B (rs176744) were associated with increased CVS risk.
- Alleles in HTR3B (rs3788987) and HTR3C (rs6766410) were linked to a decreased risk of CVS.
- HTR1D gene variations (rs676643) showed a seven-fold increased risk of depression in CVS patients.
Conclusions:
- This study provides the first evidence that variations in serotonin receptor (5-HTR) genes contribute to CVS susceptibility.
- Genetic variations in HTR genes are associated with CVS-related symptoms, including depression.
- These findings open new avenues for understanding the genetic basis of CVS.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Pathophysiology of Vomiting
287
Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
287
01:28Antidepressant Drugs: Tricyclics, SSRIs, and SNRIs
289
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), including Desipramine (Norpramin), Imipramine (Tofranil), Clomipramine (Anafranil), and Amitriptyline (Elavil), inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and also block other receptors. They are used for depression, pain conditions, and insomnia. Common adverse effects include anticholinergic effects, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and weight gain. They have a narrow therapeutic window and so require plasma-level monitoring. Abrupt discontinuation can...
289
01:23Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents
183
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
183
01:21G-protein Coupled Receptors
114.9K
G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
114.9K
01:28Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
147
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy. SP binds and activates...
147
01:27Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
393
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
393