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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
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Dysfunction of the Windlass Mechanism Is Associated with Hallux Rigidus: A Case-Control Study.

Takumi Kihara1,2, Tadashi Kimura1, Naoki Suzuki2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
|January 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hallux rigidus restricts foot and hindfoot movement during dorsiflexion, indicating a link to windlass mechanism dysfunction. This study used 3D CT imaging to compare healthy feet with hallux rigidus.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Hallux rigidus etiology is debated, with suspected roles for windlass mechanism dysfunction and metatarsus primus elevatus.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) is suitable for analyzing complex foot motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the windlass mechanism in healthy feet versus feet with hallux rigidus using 3D CT imaging.

Main Methods:

  • 17 hallux rigidus (grades 1-2) and 21 normal feet underwent weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing 3D CT.
  • Evaluated joint rotation and navicular height during dorsiflexion and weight-bearing.
  • Assessed tarsometatarsal joint and metatarsus primus elevatus changes.

Main Results:

  • Hallux rigidus feet showed significantly less talonavicular and talocalcaneal joint movement during dorsiflexion.
  • Navicular height increase was significantly greater in controls (1.2 mm) vs. hallux rigidus (0.7 mm).
  • Significant differences in metatarsus primus elevatus were observed between weight-bearing conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Hallux rigidus impedes Chopart joint and hindfoot motion linked to first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion.
  • Findings suggest a strong association between hallux rigidus and windlass mechanism dysfunction.