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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Sensory Receptors01:31

Introduction to Sensory Receptors

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Sensory receptors are vital in our ability to perceive and interpret the world. Sensory receptors are specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system that respond to various stimuli and enable one to experience different sensations. Based on specific criteria, sensory receptors are classified into distinct types.
The first classification criterion is based on cell type, position, and function. Some receptor cells are neurons with free nerve endings, where their dendrites are embedded in the...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Updated: May 30, 2025

Muscle Receptor Organs in the Crayfish Abdomen: A Student Laboratory Exercise in Proprioception
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A role for proprioceptors in sngception.

Cheng-Han Lee1, Jiann-Her Lin2,3,4, Shing-Hong Lin1

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.

Science Advances
|January 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proprioceptors, involved in body position sensing, play a key role in detecting acidosis (sngception). Deleting the acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) in proprioceptors prevents acid-induced pain, suggesting their involvement in this sensory pathway.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Physiology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Proprioceptors are mechanosensory neurons crucial for monitoring muscle status and body position.
  • While typically non-nociceptive, proprioceptors express the pro-nociceptive acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3).
  • The role of proprioceptors in acidosis sensing (sngception) remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of proprioceptors in sensing acidosis.
  • To determine if ASIC3 in proprioceptors contributes to acid-induced pain.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic deletion of ASIC3 in proprioceptors versus nociceptors in mice.
  • Chemo-optogenetic activation of proprioceptors.
  • Intramuscular acidification in human subjects and a spinal cord-injured patient.

Main Results:

  • Genetic deletion of ASIC3 specifically in proprioceptors abolished acid-induced chronic hyperalgesia in mice.
  • Proprioceptor activation promoted hyperalgesic priming, favoring acidosis-induced chronic pain.
  • In humans, acidification induced acid perception but not pain; however, a spinal cord-injured patient retained proprioception and sngception.

Conclusions:

  • Proprioceptors, through ASIC3, play a significant role in sensing acidosis (sngception).
  • These findings suggest a novel function for proprioceptors beyond mechanosensation, extending into chemosensation.
  • Evidence from both murine models and human studies supports the involvement of proprioceptors in sngception, potentially mediated via the spinal dorsal column.