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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Different cortex activation between young and middle-aged people during different type problem-solving: An EEG&fNIRS

Mevhibe Saricaoglu¹, Meryem Ayşe Yücel², Miray Budak³

¹Vocational School, Program of Electroneurophysiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.

|January 31, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Aging affects problem-solving strategies. This study used EEG and fNIRS to compare brain activity in young and middle-aged adults, finding age-related differences in cognitive performance and neural responses during tasks.

Keywords:

Aging Alpha EEG HbO Problem-solving fNIRS

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Using Fiberless, Wearable fNIRS to Monitor Brain Activity in Real-world Cognitive Tasks

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Aging Research

Background:

Problem-solving strategies evolve with age, influencing cognitive processes.
Understanding age-related changes in brain activity during cognitive tasks is crucial for healthy aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related differences in hemodynamic responses and neural activity during problem-solving using combined EEG and fNIRS.
To explore the interrelation between oxyhemoglobin concentration (HbO) and alpha frequency power across different age groups and problem types.

Main Methods:

Combined electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were used to record brain activity in 39 young and 30 middle-aged adults.
Participants solved four types of problems: arithmetic, general knowledge, insight, and basic operation.
Analysis focused on changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration (HbO) and alpha frequency power (8-13 Hz).

Main Results:

Behavioral data showed age-group differences, with middle-aged adults excelling in general knowledge and younger adults in insight and arithmetic tasks.
fNIRS revealed significant differences in brain activation patterns, particularly in the DLPFC/TA and STG regions.
Younger adults showed higher HbO during arithmetic and general knowledge tasks, while middle-aged adults showed higher HbO during general knowledge tasks. Alpha power varied, with peak activity during general knowledge for the young and insight for the middle-aged.

Conclusions:

The study highlights significant age-related differences in behavioral performance and brain activation patterns during problem-solving.
Distinct cognitive strengths emerge in middle-aged versus young individuals depending on the problem type.
Neural correlates, including the interplay between HbO and alpha power, differ across age groups, offering insights into cognitive aging.