Pulmonary Immunocompromise in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease
Engi F Attia1, Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo2, Laura E Ellington3
1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Clinics in Chest Medicine
|January 31, 2025
Summary
Pulmonary disease in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has shifted to chronic conditions. This review covers current epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical care recommendations for HIV-related lung disease.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- HIV/AIDS Research
Background:
- Pulmonary disease spectrum in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) has evolved.
- Shift from acute, infectious, and AIDS-defining illnesses to chronic, non-communicable lung conditions.
- Impact of contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) era on PWH pulmonary health.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review the epidemiology of pulmonary disease in PWH across the lifespan.
- Identify key risk factors for lung disease in PWH during the ART era.
- Provide clinical care recommendations for pulmonary disease in PWH, incorporating recent trial data.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiological data.
- Analysis of risk factors in the context of current HIV treatment.
- Synthesis of findings from recent and ongoing clinical trials.
Main Results:
- Pulmonary disease in PWH is increasingly characterized by chronic, non-communicable processes.
- Antiretroviral therapy has altered the landscape of HIV-related lung disease.
- Emerging data highlight the need for updated clinical management strategies.
Conclusions:
- The management of pulmonary disease in PWH requires a focus on chronic conditions.
- Understanding evolving risk factors is crucial for PWH lung health.
- Clinical care must adapt to new evidence from ongoing research and trials.
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