Molecular Pathology and Biomarkers of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Classification and Management

This review explores the current understanding and management of penile squamous cell carcinoma, emphasizing recent advances in molecular pathology and treatment strategies. The article discusses the importance of human papillomavirus status in tumor classification and prognosis, highlighting the 2022 WHO classification. The article underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach to penile cancer management and identifies areas for future research, including refining molecular classification systems and developing predictive biomarkers. It concludes by emphasizing the rapid evolution of penile cancer management and the potential for more personalized treatment strategies.