Management of the Hospitalized Patient with Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia and diabetes place hospitalized patients at a greater risk for serious complications such as infections, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, polypharmacy, and lengthened hospitalization. Identification and proper treatment of hyperglycemia and diabetes are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality, as well as to conserve limited health care resources. This article will summarize the current American Diabetes Association and Endocrine Society recommendations for the management of hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia and diabetes. It will discuss the diagnostic criteria for the identification of diabetes and hyperglycemia, glycemic targets, pharmacologic management of hyperglycemia, and the transition to outpatient care.