Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis: How Is It Different from Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and euglycemic DKA are both diabetes-related emergencies. Individuals with DKA can experience extremely elevated hyperglycemia exceeding 250 mg/dL. Although DKA is more frequently observed in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), euglycemic DKA, which is characterized by mildly elevated or nearly normal blood glucose at levels below 200 mg/dL, has recently been linked to the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors generally used for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Without the substantial hyperglycemia associated with DKA, euglycemic DKA may be clinically overlooked. The pathophysiology, precipitating factors, clinical presentations, treatments, and evaluations of euglycemic DKA and DKA are reviewed.