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Related Concept Videos

Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

Histology of the Small Intestine

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Large Intestine01:09

Large Intestine

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The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...
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Digestive Functions of the Large Intestine01:20

Digestive Functions of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine is where the final stages of digestion happen. When the cecum receives chyme, it contains undigested carbohydrates that undergo fermentation. Gut bacteria ferment these carbohydrates to produce short-chain fatty acids that provide some energy and help synthesize essential vitamins.
As the chyme moves to the colon, it triggers two characteristic sluggish contractions - haustral churning and mass peristalsis. Haustral churning involves the rhythmic contraction and relaxation...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction
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Small intestine changes, large intestine problems.

Deepanshu Singla1, Abigail E Rose1, Wenhan Zhu1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

Trends in Microbiology
|January 31, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Salmonella invasion disrupts gut amino acid absorption, increasing availability in the large intestine. This fuels pathogen colonization by altering microbial metabolism and overcoming host defenses.

Keywords:
Salmonellacolonization resistanceshort-chain fatty acids

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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes
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Related Experiment Videos

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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathogen-host interactions

Background:

  • Enteric pathogens face colonization resistance from the gut microbiota.
  • Understanding pathogen adaptation strategies is crucial for controlling infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how Salmonella adapts to the gut environment post-invasion.
  • To elucidate the metabolic mechanisms Salmonella employs to colonize the intestine.

Main Methods:

  • The study analyzed the impact of Salmonella invasion on small intestinal nutrient absorption.
  • Investigated the metabolic fate of amino acids in the large intestine.

Main Results:

  • Salmonella invasion of the small intestine causes significant amino acid malabsorption.
  • Increased luminal amino acid availability in the large intestine supports Salmonella growth.
  • Salmonella utilizes amino acid decarboxylation, counteracting short-chain fatty acid-induced acidification.

Conclusions:

  • Salmonella actively manipulates host nutrient absorption to promote its own colonization.
  • Metabolic adaptation, including amino acid decarboxylation, is key for Salmonella to overcome host defenses.