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Incorporating Bone-Derived ECM into Macroporous Microribbon Scaffolds Accelerates Bone Regeneration
Cassandra Villicana1, Ni Su2, Andrew Yang1
1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Advanced Healthcare Materials
|January 31, 2025
Summary
New macroporous scaffolds made from bone extracellular matrix (bECM) and gelatin promote significant bone regeneration and vascularization in critical-sized defects. This approach enhances endogenous healing without needing added cells or growth factors.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Tissue Engineering
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Tissue-derived extracellular matrix (tdECM) hydrogels are effective for soft tissue regeneration but lack macroporosity needed for bone regeneration.
- Existing macroporous ECM scaffolds for bone regeneration are limited.
- Developing macroporous scaffolds is crucial for enhancing bone healing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop novel macroporous scaffolds integrating bone-derived ECM (bECM) into gelatin microribbons (µRB).
- To optimize bECM concentration for bone regeneration.
- To evaluate the efficacy of these scaffolds in a critical-sized bone defect model.
Main Methods:
- Co-spinning technique to create gelatin/bECM microribbon scaffolds.
- Characterization of scaffold properties with varying bECM doses (15% and 25%).
- In vitro studies on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenesis and macrophage (Mφ) polarization.
- In vivo implantation in a mouse critical-sized cranial bone defect model with tricalcium phosphate (TCP).
Main Results:
- 15% bECM optimized MSC osteogenesis and Mφ polarization in vitro.
- 15% bECM/gelatin scaffolds with TCP significantly accelerated bone regeneration and vascularization, filling >55% of the defect by week 2.
- 25% bECM enhanced MSC recruitment and reduced M1 Mφ polarization but impaired bone formation and vascularization.
Conclusions:
- Co-spun gelatin/bECM hydrogels represent promising macroporous scaffolds for endogenous bone regeneration.
- This scaffold platform can promote robust bone healing without exogenous cells or growth factors.
- The developed platform has potential for various tissue regeneration applications using different tdECM.
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