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Related Concept Videos

Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

229
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
229
Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
78
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines01:14

CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines

209
CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...
209
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

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Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
254
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

183
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

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Novel psychotherapies for insomnia.

Marie Angelillo1, Jaap Lancee2, Elisabeth Hertenstein1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Journal of Sleep Research
|February 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a leading treatment. Future directions include optimizing CBT-I, developing new therapies for non-responders like acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia (ACT-I), and improving widespread access to psychotherapy for insomnia.

Keywords:
acceptance and commitment therapycognitive behavioural treatmentinsomniamechanismsnon‐response

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Insomnia disorder is common, affecting sleep quality and daytime function.
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the primary treatment.
  • Optimizing psychotherapy for insomnia is crucial for patient well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline future directions for optimizing psychotherapeutic treatments for insomnia.
  • To explore enhancements to CBT-I efficacy and implementation.
  • To identify strategies for managing treatment non-responders.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current research and clinical perspectives.
  • Identification of promising areas for future research and development.
  • Discussion of potential treatment optimization strategies, including adaptive protocols and adjunct therapies.

Main Results:

  • Optimizing CBT-I may involve understanding mechanisms and adaptive strategies.
  • Adjunct therapies like exercise and circadian interventions show promise for subgroups.
  • Acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia (ACT-I) is a potential option for CBT-I non-responders.
  • Improving implementation requires brief, targeted, and digital treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into treatment mechanisms and non-responders is needed.
  • Randomized controlled trials for CBT-I non-responders are essential.
  • Implementation science is key to advancing psychotherapy access for insomnia.