Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2025
10:26
Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology
Published on: August 18, 2014
26.2K
Up-and-coming pharmacotherapeutic options for treating patients with refractory overactive bladder
Rayan Mohamed-Ahmed1, Dudley Robinson1
1Department of Urogynaecology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|February 1, 2025
Summary
Overactive bladder (OAB) management requires exploring various treatments due to its complex nature. Emerging therapies aim for long-term relief with fewer side effects, improving patient quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition significantly impacting quality of life.
- OAB pathophysiology is multifactorial, often necessitating multiple treatment modalities.
- Current treatments include behavioral therapies, anticholinergics, and beta-3 agonists, with anticholinergics facing discontinuation due to side effects and cognitive concerns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current and emerging treatment options for overactive bladder (OAB).
Main Methods:
- Literature review of OAB management strategies.
- Discussion of established and novel pharmacotherapies.
- Exploration of future research directions in OAB.
Main Results:
- First-line OAB treatments include bladder retraining, fluid advice, and pelvic floor muscle training.
- Second-line options involve anticholinergic and beta-3 agonist medications.
- Anticholinergics present challenges with side effects and potential cognitive impact, especially in older adults.
Conclusions:
- Managing OAB remains challenging, with a need for treatments offering sustained relief and minimal adverse effects.
- Future OAB research should investigate the gut-bladder axis, regenerative medicine, biomarkers, and digital health.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS
142
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
142
01:21Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS
130
Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
130
01:22Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers
531
α-Adrenergic antagonists, known as α-blockers, exert their effects by inhibiting α-adrenoceptors, leading to specific physiological actions. α1-blockers and α2-blockers have distinct pharmacological actions and therapeutic applications.
α1-blockers: These drugs inhibit α1-adrenoceptors on smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasodilation. This vasodilation lowers blood pressure, making α1-blockers valuable in treating hypertension. Additionally,...
α1-blockers: These drugs inhibit α1-adrenoceptors on smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasodilation. This vasodilation lowers blood pressure, making α1-blockers valuable in treating hypertension. Additionally,...
531
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
387
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
387
01:26The Micturition Reflex
395
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
395
01:26Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
375
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
375