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Brain interleukins and Alzheimer's disease.

Heba G Abdelhamed1, Arwa A Hassan2, Alaa A Sakraan3

  • 1Department of Zoology and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

Metabolic Brain Disease
|February 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Interleukins (ILs) are key in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, exhibiting both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles. Understanding ILs offers potential for novel therapeutic targets against AD.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseExcitotoxicityInflammationInterleukinsOxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The central nervous system (CNS) possesses immune privilege modulated by interleukins (ILs).
  • ILs are cytokines crucial for cell signaling, influencing CNS functions and pathological processes.
  • Overproduction of ILs and their receptors is linked to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex roles of interleukins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.
  • To investigate the discrepancies in IL functions and their therapeutic targeting in AD.
  • To highlight the need for novel therapeutic strategies targeting multiple mechanisms in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on ILs and their involvement in AD.
  • Analysis of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions of ILs in various experimental models.
  • Examination of shared pathways and interactions between different ILs.

Main Results:

  • ILs play dual roles (pro- and anti-inflammatory) in AD, depending on experimental context.
  • Complex interactions between ILs and shared pathways complicate definitive conclusions.
  • Therapeutic targeting of individual ILs has yielded inconsistent results in AD treatment.

Conclusions:

  • The dual nature of ILs and their complex interactions present challenges for AD therapy.
  • Targeting multiple mechanisms involved in AD pathology is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Further understanding of ILs in AD progression may reveal promising therapeutic avenues.