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Trait mindfulness in adolescents with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

John T Mitchell1, Naomi O Davis1, Jessica R Lunsford-Avery1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.

Research in Developmental Disabilities
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Summary

Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit lower trait mindfulness, particularly in acting with awareness. This trait is inversely linked to ADHD symptoms and related challenges, suggesting potential benefits from mindfulness-based interventions.

Keywords:
ADHDMindfulness-based interventionsTrait mindfulness

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) aim to enhance trait mindfulness, potentially improving clinical outcomes.
  • Lower trait mindfulness is associated with conditions like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • Previous research has not fully explored specific facets of trait mindfulness in relation to ADHD beyond core symptoms in adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate trait mindfulness, including its facets, in adolescents with and without ADHD.
  • To examine the relationship between trait mindfulness and ADHD symptoms and related characteristics in adolescents.
  • To identify specific aspects of mindfulness that may be particularly relevant for adolescents with ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and a non-ADHD control group.
  • Assessment of ADHD symptoms and related characteristics in both groups.
  • Administration of a trait mindfulness measure to all adolescent participants.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with ADHD demonstrated significantly lower scores in overall trait mindfulness compared to the non-ADHD group.
  • Trait mindfulness was inversely associated with ADHD symptoms and several related characteristics.
  • Mindfulness, especially 'acting with awareness,' showed an inverse relationship with ADHD symptoms, cognitive disengagement, executive functioning deficits, and sleep disturbances.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescents with ADHD exhibit lower levels of trait mindfulness, particularly in the 'acting with awareness' facet.
  • Lower trait mindfulness is linked to increased ADHD symptom severity and associated challenges.
  • Findings support the development of tailored MBIs for adolescents with ADHD, targeting their specific mindfulness deficits.