Intradural extramedullary epidermoid cyst at cauda equina level in 2-years female child: A rare case report

Spinal epidermoid cysts are noncancerous growths that comprise fewer than 1 % of the abnormalities found in the spine. An epidermoid cyst in the intradural extramedullary region, without any associated dysraphism, trauma, or syndromic conditions, and its subsequent successful identification and surgical removal without any adverse effects on the patient, is a highly uncommon event.

A 2-year-old female visited the outpatient clinic with a skin fold on the back that has been present since birth, without any abnormalities in the spinal cord or any injuries. The patient had no impairments and was in good condition, displaying satisfactory feeding and playing behavior. An intradural extramedullary lesion indicating the presence of several epidermoid cysts at the L3-L4 level of the cauda equina was identified in the lumbosacral MRI. The patient underwent a surgical procedure called laminectomy and durotomy to remove a tumor. The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst.

Epidermoid cysts are infrequently found in the intradural extramedullary region of the spinal canal. A laminectomy procedure was conducted to excise a tumor in this patient. The patient experienced neurogenic bladder dysfunction following surgery, necessitating a consultation with the urologist. The patient has returned to baseline with no signs of deterioration.

Surgery by total removal is the treatment of choice for spinal ECs, providing a disease-free outcome and preventing further neurological deficits.