Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2025
08:33
Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
Published on: December 11, 2016
7.4K
Nonexertional Rhabdomyolysis
1College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|February 1, 2025
Summary
Nonexertional rhabdomyolysis (nonER) in horses has diverse causes including toxins, genetics, and trauma. This study details nonER etiologies, diagnostics, and specific treatments for horses.
Area of Science:
- Equine Medicine
- Veterinary Pathology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Exertional rhabdomyolysis is common in horses, but nonexertional rhabdomyolysis (nonER) presents significant health risks.
- NonER etiologies are diverse, encompassing toxic, genetic, inflammatory/infectious, nutritional, and traumatic factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review the various causes of nonexertional rhabdomyolysis in horses.
- To outline diagnostic approaches for differentiating nonER etiologies.
- To detail etiology-specific treatments for nonER in horses.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of nonexertional rhabdomyolysis in equine medicine.
- Categorization of nonER causes into toxic, genetic, inflammatory/infectious, nutritional, and traumatic groups.
- Synthesis of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on identified etiologies.
Main Results:
- Identified multiple nonER causes in horses beyond exertional triggers.
- Highlighted the importance of specific diagnostic tests for accurate etiological diagnosis.
- Presented tailored treatment protocols for each identified nonER cause.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the diverse causes of nonER is crucial for effective equine health management.
- Specific diagnostic and treatment strategies are essential for managing nonER in horses.
- This review provides a framework for addressing nonER based on its underlying etiology.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:24Muscle Recovery and Fatigue
1.9K
Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
1.9K
01:28Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion
114
Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
114
01:32Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER
3.5K
After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
3.5K
01:21Overview of Protein Metabolism
696
Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
696
01:21Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects
332
Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
Unlike...
332
01:22Lysosomal Hydrolases
3.7K
Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
3.7K