Fingerprints in ancient China - A mini-review

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• History of Science
• Anthropology

Background:

• Fingerprint identification is crucial in forensic science and security.
• Historical accounts of early fingerprint use often cite ancient Chinese practices.
• Existing literature on Chinese fingerprint history contains inaccuracies and outdated references.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review original Chinese sources from the Tang and Song dynasties concerning fingerprint usage.
• To investigate and clarify the historical application of fingerprints in ancient China.
• To provide an accurate overview of early Chinese fingerprint documentation.

Main Methods:

• Examination of publicly available original documents from the Tang and Song periods.
• Critical review of historical literature referencing early Chinese fingerprint use.
• Comparative analysis of primary sources and secondary accounts.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests fingerprints were used on contracts and legal documents during the Tang and Song dynasties.
• The earliest documented use of fingerprints for identification dates back to the Qin dynasty.
• The Zhou dynasty shows the earliest known use of fingerprints.

Conclusions:

• Original sources confirm the significant role of fingerprints in Chinese legal and administrative practices during the Tang and Song dynasties.
• Accurate historical review of primary sources is essential for understanding the evolution of fingerprint identification.
• This study contributes to a more precise understanding of the historical application of fingerprints in China.