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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

Nirsevimab effectiveness on paediatric emergency visits for RSV bronchiolitis: a test-negative design study.

Lea Lenglart^1,2, Corinne Levy^3,4,5,6, Romain Basmaci^7,6,8

¹Paediatric Emergency Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 48 Boulevard Sérurier 75019, Paris, France. Lea.lenglart@aphp.fr.

European Journal of Pediatrics

|February 1, 2025

Summary

Nirsevimab significantly reduced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis cases in French pediatric emergency departments. This study found nirsevimab to be 82.5% effective, supporting its widespread adoption for infant respiratory health.

Keywords:

Bronchiolitis Nirsevimab Respiratory syncytial virus

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Area of Science:

Pediatric infectious diseases
Immunization strategies
Respiratory viral infections

Background:

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a major cause of pediatric emergency department visits.
France implemented nirsevimab in September 2023 to combat the annual burden of RSV bronchiolitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing RSV bronchiolitis in infants.
To assess the impact of nirsevimab on pediatric emergency department visits.

Main Methods:

A test-negative design study was conducted in five French university hospitals.
Infants under one year with a first bronchiolitis episode were included (October 2023 - February 2024).
RSV status was determined via nasopharyngeal samples; nirsevimab use was compared between RSV-positive (cases) and RSV-negative (controls) infants.

Main Results:

The study included 383 infants; 274 (75.2%) tested positive for RSV.
Nirsevimab was administered to 9.8% of RSV-positive cases versus 46.2% of RSV-negative controls.
Nirsevimab demonstrated an adjusted effectiveness of 82.5% (95% CI [68.0-90.8]) in preventing RSV bronchiolitis at pediatric emergency departments.

Conclusions:

Nirsevimab shows high effectiveness in reducing RSV-related pediatric emergency visits.
Findings support the widespread adoption of nirsevimab to decrease the burden of RSV bronchiolitis.
Nirsevimab effectiveness was consistent in preventing hospitalizations and severe illness.