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Related Concept Videos

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

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Adjuvant Pembrolizumab in Stage II Melanoma: Outcomes by Primary Tumor Location in the Randomized, Double-Blind,

Charles H Yoon1, Merrick I Ross2, Brian R Gastman3

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Summary

Adjuvant pembrolizumab improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in patients with resected stage II melanoma, regardless of primary tumor location. This benefit was consistent across head/neck, trunk, and extremity melanoma subgroups.

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AdjuvantAdjuvant therapyImmune checkpoint inhibitorsMelanomaPembrolizumabSkin neoplasmsSurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Clinical Trials
  • Melanoma Research

Background:

  • Previous KEYNOTE-716 trial data showed adjuvant pembrolizumab improved RFS and DMFS in resected stage IIB/IIC melanoma.
  • This study presents a post hoc analysis examining efficacy based on primary tumor location.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant pembrolizumab versus placebo in patients with resected stage IIB/IIC melanoma.
  • To analyze recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) based on primary tumor location (head/neck, trunk, extremities).

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, phase III trial (KEYNOTE-716) involving patients with resected stage IIB/IIC melanoma.
  • Patients were assigned to receive pembrolizumab or placebo.
  • Efficacy outcomes (RFS, DMFS) were assessed post hoc according to primary tumor location.

Main Results:

  • Hazard ratios for RFS favored pembrolizumab across all locations: head/neck (0.60), trunk (0.57), and extremities (0.69).
  • Hazard ratios for DMFS also favored pembrolizumab: head/neck (0.65), trunk (0.59), and extremities (0.53).
  • These results were observed in a median follow-up of 39.4 months among 976 patients.

Conclusions:

  • Adjuvant pembrolizumab consistently improved RFS and DMFS compared to placebo in patients with resected high-risk stage II melanoma.
  • The benefits of adjuvant pembrolizumab were observed irrespective of the primary tumor's location.
  • These findings support the use of adjuvant pembrolizumab for high-risk melanoma patients.