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Understanding regular exercise behavior in frail older adults: a structural equation model based on social-cognitive
Shiqi Yu1, Jie Lin1, Siping Song1
1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Nursing, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
BMC Geriatrics
|February 1, 2025
Summary
Regular exercise is key for frail older adults, but adherence is low. Exercise self-efficacy and outcome expectations are crucial for promoting regular physical activity in this population.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Exercise Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Frailty is a significant health concern in older adults, with regular exercise being the only consistent management therapy.
- Understanding the determinants of exercise behavior is vital for developing effective interventions in vulnerable populations.
- Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) provides a framework for examining factors influencing health behaviors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the determinants of regular exercise behavior among frail older adults using Social Cognitive Theory (SCT).
- To apply Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to understand the relationships between SCT constructs and exercise adherence.
- To provide evidence-based strategies for enhancing exercise engagement in frail seniors.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study involving 306 frail older adults in Chengdu, China.
- Utilized validated scales to measure exercise self-efficacy (SEE), behavioral regulation (BREQ-2), outcome expectations (OEE), and social support (ESS).
- Employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the direct and indirect effects of SCT components on regular exercise behavior.
Main Results:
- Only 29.1% of frail older adults reported regular exercise behavior.
- Exercise self-efficacy (β=0.52) and outcome expectations (β=0.45) were the strongest significant predictors of regular exercise.
- Social support and self-regulation were not significant determinants of regular exercise behavior in this cohort.
Conclusions:
- Adherence to exercise programs remains low in frail older adults, indicating a need for improved interventions.
- Enhancing exercise self-efficacy and outcome expectations is critical for promoting regular physical activity.
- A patient-centered approach is essential for developing sustainable and effective exercise interventions for frail seniors.
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