Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2025
Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
Published on: July 17, 2016
Tropical Infections and Acute Kidney Injury
Vijoy Kumar Jha1, Debasish Mahapatra2, Arunkumar Subbiah3
1Professor, Department of Medicine and Nephrology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantonment, Delhi, India, Corresponding Author.
Abstract:
Tropical febrile illnesses are important subsets of diseases leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) due to their geographical location, hot and dry climate, which predisposes individuals to dehydration, poor health infrastructure, and the prevalence of certain specific infectious diseases. Specific tropical infections need to be excluded while considering the differential diagnosis of febrile illness with AKI. Untreated infections may result in high mortality or may lead to long-term complications. Clinical symptoms related to other organ systems may help narrow down the diagnostic possibilities of these tropical infections. These infections require disease-specific treatment to prevent morbidity and mortality, in addition to supportive treatment. This review encompasses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and specific renal pathological changes in common tropical infections resulting in AKI.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Nephrons
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
01:24Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
01:27Dialysis
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
01:27Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
01:11Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...