Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

1.4K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
1.4K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

3.4K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
3.4K
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

2.8K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Serial sST2 dynamics after transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention: a candidate biomarker of biological response.

Biomarkers in medicine·2026
Same journal

Prognostic value of blood urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio for rehospitalization and outcomes in myocardial infarction: a four-year retrospective cohort analysis.

Biomarkers in medicine·2026
Same journal

Dietary glycemic index/glycemic load and knee osteoarthritis: associations with inflammation and oxidative stress.

Biomarkers in medicine·2026
Same journal

Prognostic value of the CALLY index in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Biomarkers in medicine·2026
Same journal

The relationship between serum neopterin levels and disease activity in patients with spondyloarthropathy.

Biomarkers in medicine·2026
Same journal

Prognostic and clinicopathological role of fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio in biliary tract cancers: a meta-analysis.

Biomarkers in medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model
12:23

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model

Published on: April 24, 2020

19.4K

Complement 3 and 4 impact in osteoarthritis.

Lifang Wang1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China.

Biomarkers in Medicine
|February 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serum complement 4 (C4) levels indicate osteoarthritis (OA) disease activity, correlating with joint involvement and C-reactive protein (CRP). Complement 3 (C3) levels showed no significant association in OA patients.

Keywords:
C-reactive proteincomplement levelsdisease activity indexerythrocyte sedimentation ratejoint involvementosteoarthritis

More Related Videos

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model
07:32

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model

Published on: May 6, 2020

11.9K
Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness
08:52

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

Published on: March 18, 2022

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2025

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model
12:23

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model

Published on: April 24, 2020

19.4K
Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model
07:32

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model

Published on: May 6, 2020

11.9K
Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness
08:52

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

Published on: March 18, 2022

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease.
  • Complement system proteins, C3 and C4, play roles in inflammation.
  • Understanding their association with OA clinical features is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between serum C3 and C4 levels and clinical characteristics in OA patients.
  • To determine if C3 and C4 can serve as biomarkers for OA disease activity.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 361 OA patients.
  • Clinical data and serum levels of C3, C4, ESR, and CRP were collected.
  • Statistical analyses included non-parametric tests, Spearman correlation, and multivariate regression.

Main Results:

  • Lower C3, C4, ESR, and CRP levels were observed in the osteoarthritis group compared to controls.
  • Serum C3 levels positively correlated with ESR and CRP.
  • Serum C4 levels correlated with ESR, CRP, and the number of affected joints.

Conclusions:

  • Serum C4 levels are significant indicators of OA disease activity, reflecting joint involvement and CRP levels.
  • Serum C3 levels did not show a significant association with OA disease activity.
  • C4 may hold potential as a predictive biomarker for OA activity.