Preparation of polysaccharide-surfactant modified gliadin nanoparticles and loading with resveratrol

In the presented research, environmentally friendly, nontoxic, and biodegradable nanoparticles were synthesized from gliadin, hyaluronic acid (HA), and sophorolipid (SPL) for the delivery of resveratrol (Res). The incorporation of HA and SPL leads to an increase in nanoparticle size. The unfolding of proteins was facilitated by HA and SPL through non-covalent interactions. Res-loaded gliadin nanoparticles modified with surfactant-polysaccharides (GHS/RNPs) exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency of Res. Molecular docking analyses revealed that the binding between Res and gliadin primarily involved hydrogen bonds, π-alkyl interactions, electrostatic forces, and van der Waals attractions, findings that were corroborated by spectroscopic investigations. The GHS/RNPs demonstrated superior stability and sustained Res retention across various conditions. Intriguingly, during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the HA and SPL components within the nanoparticle shell facilitated the controlled release of Res, significantly enhancing its bioavailability in the small intestine. This study holds significant implications for advancing gliadin-based oral delivery systems for bioactive compounds in both the food and pharmaceutical sectors.