Determination of putrefactive amine and ammonia concentrations around decomposed corpses

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Toxicology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Decomposing corpses release toxic putrefactive substances, including amines and ammonia.
• These compounds pose significant health risks to humans through various exposure routes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify the concentrations of specific putrefactive amines and ammonia on and around decomposing human remains.
• To assess the potential toxicity and associated risks of these decomposition products.

Main Methods:

• Liquid decomposition products were collected from corpse surfaces.
• Concentrations of histamine, tyramine, phenethylamine, and tryptamine were analyzed using LC-MS/MS.
• Ammonia levels in both liquid and air samples were measured.

Main Results:

• Putrefactive amines and ammonia were detected on all tested corpse surfaces.
• Peak concentrations included phenethylamine at 4.90 mg/g (24 days) and ammonia at 25.6 mg/g (24 days).
• Ammonia in the air reached up to 1310 ppm (24 days postmortem), indicating a toxic airborne hazard.

Conclusions:

• Decomposing corpses emit toxic putrefactive amines and ammonia.
• Exposure to these substances can cause irritation, damage to mucous membranes, and poisoning symptoms.
• Appropriate personal protective equipment is essential when handling decaying remains.